This free Gandhian era quiz has 50 questions on the years from Gandhi’s return to India in 1915 to the provincial elections of 1937, built closely on NCERT Class 12 Themes in Indian History III, Theme 11 (Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement). It covers Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad, the Rowlatt satyagraha, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation, Chauri Chaura and Gandhi’s trial, the Swaraj Party, the Simon Commission and Lahore Congress, the Salt March, the Round Table Conferences and Poona Pact, and the 1935 Act. Each question shows the correct answer and an explanation as soon as you choose an option, and the score bar applies BPSC-style negative marking. For more practice, see our free BPSC mock test series.
What this test covers: The making of the Mahatma in South Africa, the BHU speech, Raj Kumar Shukla at Lucknow, the Rowlatt committee, jazirat-ul-Arab, Louis Fischer on non-cooperation, forest-law breaking in Andhra, Judge Broomfield, the Swaraj Party, Simon Go Back, Purna Swaraj and 26 January 1930, Dandi and Vedaranyam, Time magazine on the march, the Gandhi-Irwin pact, Ambedkar at the Round Table, Bardoli, the Nehru Report, the Poona Pact, the Forward Bloc and the 1937 ministries.
Gandhian Era: Modern History 1915–1937
50 questions · NCERT Class 12 Theme 11 · BPSC prelims pattern
How this test works
Click the option you think is right. It locks, turns green if correct or red if not, and the explanation opens underneath. Your score updates in the bar at the top as you go, and Calculate final score at the bottom gives the full breakdown. Choose (E) Not attempted when you would only be guessing, exactly as you would bubble E on the BPSC OMR sheet.
+1 mark — Correct answer
−1/3 mark — Wrong answer
0 — no penalty — (E) Not attempted, the fifth bubble on every question
−1/3 mark — Row left completely blank in the real exam
Gandhi’s arrival to Non-Cooperation18 questions
1. In what year did Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
Show answer
Answer: (C) 1915
Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in January 1915, after two decades there.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
2. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Gandhiji launched a Satyagraha against the Asiatic Registration Certificates in Transvaal.
Reason (R): The registration certificates were created by the Natal Indian Congress to keep an internal census of Indian immigrants living in South Africa.
Select the correct option:
Show answer
Answer: (D) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Gandhi did lead a satyagraha against the Asiatic Registration law in Transvaal (1907). R is false: the certificates were imposed by the Transvaal government, not created by the Natal Indian Congress.
3. According to historian Chandran Devanesan, which region was considered “the making of the Mahatma”?
Show answer
Answer: (A) South Africa
Chandran Devanesan called South Africa the making of the Mahatma, since Gandhi forged satyagraha there.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
4. Consider the following statements regarding Mahatma Gandhi’s early public engagements:
- Gandhi’s first-ever appearance at an Indian National Congress session took place in 1901 at Calcutta, presided over by Dinshaw Edulji Wacha.
- Mahatma Gandhi’s first major public appearance in India was at the opening of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in February 1915.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
Show answer
Answer: (B) 2 only
Gandhi attended the Calcutta Congress of 1901 under Wacha. Statement 2 is wrong: his first major public appearance in India was the BHU opening in February 1916, not 1915.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
5. Consider the following pairs regarding Mahatma Gandhi’s early movements in India:
- Champaran Satyagraha (1917) — First Civil Disobedience
- Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) — First Hunger Strike
- Kheda Satyagraha (1918) — First Non-Cooperation
Which of the pairs given above are incorrectly paired?
Show answer
Answer: (D) None of the above
Champaran was his first civil disobedience, Ahmedabad his first hunger strike and Kheda his first non-cooperation, so none of the pairs is incorrect.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
6. Who stated that the opening of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) was “certainly a most gorgeous show”?
Show answer
Answer: (B) Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi himself described the BHU opening as certainly a most gorgeous show before criticising the display of wealth.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
7. At which annual Congress session was Mahatma Gandhi approached by a peasant from Champaran to discuss the treatment of indigo planters?
Show answer
Answer: (D) Lucknow (1916)
At the Lucknow Congress of December 1916 the peasant Raj Kumar Shukla asked Gandhi to come to Champaran.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
8. What action did the British colonial government take on the recommendation of the committee chaired by Sir Sidney Rowlatt following the Great War of 1914 – 18?
Show answer
Answer: (C) They continued the wartime measures of press censorship and detention without trial.
On the Rowlatt committee’s advice the government continued wartime press censorship and detention without trial, prompting the Rowlatt satyagraha.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
9. Read the two statements carefully and select the correct code:
Statement I: The protests against the Rowlatt Act were largely confined to rural agrarian belts, remaining entirely absent in the major towns and cities of North and West India.
Statement II: Prominent local Congressmen in the Punjab were arrested by the British colonial administration alongside the detention of Mahatma Gandhi while he was proceeding to the province.
Codes:
Show answer
Answer: (D) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
Rowlatt protests were strong in the towns of north and west India, so statement I is wrong. Gandhi was detained on his way to Punjab and local Congressmen there were arrested, so II is correct.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
10. In the following question, two statements are given, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Kemal Atatürk served as the secular nationalist ruler of Turkey who dismantled the institution of the Caliphate.
Reason (R): The abolition of the Caliphate triggered deep resentment among Indian Muslims, leading to the formation of the Khilafat Movement, which Congress leaders integrated into the wider national struggle.
Examine both statements carefully and select the correct option using the codes given below:
Show answer
Answer: (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Atatürk abolished the caliphate in 1924 (A true). R is false: the Khilafat movement began in 1919-20 before the abolition, out of fear for the Khalifa’s future.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
11. According to the demands of the Khilafat Movement, which territories were required to remain under Muslim sovereignty under the name jazirat-ul-Arab?
Show answer
Answer: (A) Arabia, Syria, Iraq, and Palestine
The Khilafat demand was that the jazirat-ul-Arab, comprising Arabia, Syria, Iraq and Palestine, remain under Muslim sovereignty.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
12. According to Louis Fischer, how did Gandhi’s method of non-cooperation balance being peaceful with being effective?
Show answer
Answer: (B) By combining internal self-discipline with strong collective action to achieve results
Louis Fischer wrote that non-cooperation was peaceful yet effective because it combined self-discipline with collective action that could paralyse the government.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
13. Mahatma Gandhi insisted, “No provocation can possibly justify the brutal murder of men who had been rendered defenceless and who had virtually thrown themselves on the mercy of the mob,” regarding which historical event?
Show answer
Answer: (A) Chauri Chaura incident
Gandhi used these words about the Chauri Chaura incident of February 1922, when policemen were burnt alive, and called off the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
14. Which regional group of people violated forest laws as part of the protest movements during the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Show answer
Answer: (D) Hill tribes in northern Andhra
The NCERT notes that hill tribes in northern Andhra violated forest laws during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
15. In which month and year was Mahatma Gandhi arrested following the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Show answer
Answer: (A) March 1922
Gandhi was arrested in March 1922, a month after calling off the movement, and tried for sedition.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
16. Which British judge presided over the trial of Mahatma Gandhi in March 1922 and sentenced him to six years in prison?
Show answer
Answer: (B) C.N. Broomfield
Judge C. N. Broomfield tried Gandhi in March 1922 and sentenced him to six years, adding that he would be glad if the government reduced the term.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
17. Where was the Swaraj Party founded in December 1922 by leaders who advocated entry into legislative councils?
Show answer
Answer: (C) Allahabad
The Swaraj Party was formed by C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru; the NCERT places it after the Gaya Congress, and standard accounts give Allahabad as its birthplace on 1 January 1923.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
18. What constructive social work did Mahatma Gandhi focus on after his release from prison in February 1924?
Show answer
Answer: (A) Promoting Khadi, abolishing untouchability, and Hindu-Muslim unity
After his release in February 1924 Gandhi concentrated on khadi, the abolition of untouchability and Hindu-Muslim unity.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
Simon Commission to the Salt March22 questions
19. In which year did the all-white Simon Commission arrive in India to review the working of the Government of India Act 1919?
Show answer
Answer: (B) 1928
The all-white Simon Commission reached India in February 1928 and was met with black flags and the slogan Simon Go Back.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
20. Who presided over the historic Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in December 1929 where ‘Purna Swaraj’ was declared?
Show answer
Answer: (C) Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the Lahore Congress of December 1929, which declared Purna Swaraj as the goal.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
21. On which date was ‘Independence Day’ celebrated across India for the first time following the Lahore Congress session?
Show answer
Answer: (A) 26 January 1930
Following the Lahore resolution, 26 January 1930 was observed as Independence Day across India; the date was later chosen for the Constitution.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
22. Where did Mahatma Gandhi start his famous Salt March on 12 March 1930?
Show answer
Answer: (B) Sabarmati Ashram
Gandhi began the Salt March from Sabarmati Ashram on 12 March 1930 with 78 followers.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
23. At which coastal village did Mahatma Gandhi breach the British salt monopoly on 6 April 1930 by picking up a handful of natural salt?
Show answer
Answer: (B) Dandi
On 6 April 1930 at Dandi, on the Gujarat coast, Gandhi picked up salt and broke the salt law.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
24. Who led the Salt Satyagraha along the Coromandel Coast from Trichinopoly to Vedaranyam in Tamil Nadu?
Show answer
Answer: (C) C. Rajagopalachari
C. Rajagopalachari led a march from Trichinopoly to Vedaranyam on the Tamil Nadu coast; K. Kelappan led the Malabar march to Payyanur.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
25. Why did Mahatma Gandhi select ‘Salt’ as the central symbol and core issue to launch the nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930?
Show answer
Answer: (B) It was a universal necessity consumed equally by every Indian household, connecting rich and poor against colonial state injustice.
Salt was consumed by every household, rich or poor, so the salt tax touched everyone and made the state’s injustice visible to all.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
26. How did the political nature of the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) structurally differ from the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22)?
Show answer
Answer: (C) Civil Disobedience involved deliberately breaking specific state laws and statutes, whereas Non-Cooperation focused on withdrawing cooperation from colonial institutions.
Civil disobedience meant actively breaking specific laws, such as the salt law, whereas non-cooperation meant withdrawing cooperation from courts, schools and councils.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
27. What was the strategic impact of Gandhi’s ‘Constructive Programme’ pursued during periods of political lulls between mass movements?
Show answer
Answer: (B) It created a grassroots network of disciplined cadres and organised rural masses, sustaining morale for future movements.
Constructive work such as khadi, village uplift and anti-untouchability built disciplined cadres and kept the movement alive between mass campaigns.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
28. Why did the boycott of the Simon Commission in 1928 catalyse a new wave of unified national politics in India?
Show answer
Answer: (B) It brought all major political factions, including Moderates, Radicals, Swarajists, and the Muslim League, onto a common platform of opposition.
The all-white Simon Commission united Liberals, Congress, Swarajists and the Muslim League (Jinnah faction) in boycotting it.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
29. What was the broader significance of the participation of women during the Salt March and Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930?
Show answer
Answer: (B) It marked the mass entry of women into the public political sphere, taking lead roles in picketing and civil defiance.
Women joined in large numbers, picketing liquor and cloth shops and making salt, marking their mass entry into public politics.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
30. Consider the following statements regarding the aftermath of the Chauri Chaura incident:
- Mahatma Gandhi immediately withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement because he felt the country was not yet adequately prepared for non-violent resistance.
- Many young nationalist leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose expressed deep disappointment over Gandhi’s sudden decision to call off the movement.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Show answer
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Gandhi withdrew the movement after Chauri Chaura because he felt people were not ready for non-violence, and younger leaders like Nehru and Bose were disappointed. Both statements are correct.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
31. Consider the following statements regarding the Swaraj Party:
- The Swaraj Party was formed within the Congress by Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das to contest elections and enter legislative councils.
- Mahatma Gandhi completely expelled the Swarajists from the Indian National Congress and prohibited them from using the Congress name.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Show answer
Answer: (A) Only 1
The Swaraj Party was formed within the Congress by Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das to contest council elections. Gandhi did not expel the Swarajists, so statement 2 is wrong.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
32. Consider the following statements regarding the Salt March of 1930:
- Mahatma Gandhi picked up salt at Dandi without informing the British Viceroy Lord Irwin in advance.
- The British colonial authorities immediately declared Mahatma Gandhi’s Salt March illegal and arrested him on the very first day of his march from Sabarmati.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Show answer
Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
Gandhi informed Lord Irwin of his plan in advance by letter, and the British did not arrest him at the start of the march; he was arrested only in May 1930. Neither statement is correct.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
33. Consider the following statements regarding prominent women figures in Indian history:
- She was the first woman to be elected to the Madras Legislature in 1937 and the first woman to serve as a minister in the Madras Presidency.
- Known as Veeramangai, she was a queen of the Sivaganga estate and among the first monarchs to wage war against the East India Company.
- She actively rebelled against British authority during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 as part of the “Dalit Veeranganas.”
Which of the following correctly identifies these three personalities in the order given above?
Show answer
Answer: (A) Rukmini Lakshmipathi, Rani Velu Nachiyar, Uda Devi
Rukmini Lakshmipathi was the first woman minister in the Madras Presidency, Rani Velu Nachiyar of Sivaganga fought the Company in the eighteenth century, and Uda Devi fought in 1857 at Lucknow. Code A.
34. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Lahore Session of the Congress in December 1929 passed the resolution demanding Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence).
Reason (R): Mahatma Gandhi launched the Salt March from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi in March 1930.
Select the correct option:
Show answer
Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
Both statements are true, but the Salt March of March 1930 followed from the Purna Swaraj resolution rather than explaining it.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
35. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi was convicted and sentenced to twenty years of rigorous imprisonment during his trial in March 1922.
Reason (R): Judge C.N. Broomfield stated that if the government later reduced Gandhi’s prison term, he would be pleased.
Select the correct option:
Show answer
Answer: (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Gandhi was sentenced to six years, not twenty, so A is false. Broomfield did say he would be pleased if the government reduced the term, so R is true.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
36. Which of the following pairs of leaders and their regional leadership during the Salt Satyagraha of 1930 is correctly matched?
Show answer
Answer: (A) C. Rajagopalachari – Tanjore Coast (Vedaranyam)
Rajagopalachari led the Vedaranyam march on the Tanjore coast. Kelappan was in Kerala (Payyanur) and Ghaffar Khan in Peshawar, so only pair A is correct.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
37. Which of the following historical pairs regarding the Indian Nationalist Movement is incorrectly matched?
Show answer
Answer: (D) Celebration of First Independence Day – 15 August 1930
Chauri Chaura was in February 1922, the Simon Commission arrived in February 1928 and the Dandi march began on 12 March 1930. The first Independence Day was 26 January 1930, so pair D is wrong.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
38. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the options given below:
List-I (Event) — List-II (Associated Personality/Symbol)
a. Swaraj Party — 1. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
b. Frontier Civil Disobedience — 2. Motilal Nehru
c. Lahore Congress 1929 — 3. Hand-spun cloth / Rural uplift
d. Constructive Programme — 4. Jawaharlal Nehru
b. Frontier Civil Disobedience — 2. Motilal Nehru
c. Lahore Congress 1929 — 3. Hand-spun cloth / Rural uplift
d. Constructive Programme — 4. Jawaharlal Nehru
Show answer
Answer: (A) a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3
Motilal Nehru led the Swaraj Party, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan led civil disobedience in the Frontier, Jawaharlal Nehru presided at Lahore in 1929 and the constructive programme meant khadi and rural uplift. Code a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
39. Which precedent was broken when the Congress adopted a new constitution at the Nagpur Session in 1920?
Show answer
Answer: (B) Provincial Congress Committees were reorganised on a linguistic basis rather than administrative boundaries
The Nagpur constitution of 1920 reorganised Provincial Congress Committees on a linguistic basis, breaking with the administrative boundaries of British India.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
40. How did the American news magazine “Time” change its tone regarding Mahatma Gandhi during the Salt March?
Show answer
Answer: (B) From scoffing at his physical appearance and plan to expressing deep admiration for his mass influence
Time magazine first scoffed at Gandhi’s spindly frame and doubted the march, but within weeks it was saluting him as a saint and statesman for the mass response.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
Round Table Conferences to 193710 questions
41. What was the outcome of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed in March 1931?
Show answer
Answer: (B) Suspension of Civil Disobedience, release of non-violent political prisoners, and Congress agreement to attend the Second Round Table Conference
Under the Gandhi-Irwin pact of March 1931 civil disobedience was suspended, non-violent prisoners were released and the Congress agreed to attend the second Round Table Conference.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
42. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The First Round Table Conference failed to achieve any significant constitutional breakthrough for India’s freedom.
Reason (R): The Indian National Congress, the primary nationalist political party, boycotted the conference.
Select the correct option:
Show answer
Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
The first Round Table Conference of 1930 achieved little because the Congress, the main nationalist party, boycotted it. R explains A.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
43. Consider the following statements regarding Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership style:
I. Gandhi adopted the dress, lifestyle, and language of ordinary peasants to build mass empathy.
II. He rejected all forms of modern technology, refusing to use print media or railways for political communication.
II. He rejected all forms of modern technology, refusing to use print media or railways for political communication.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Show answer
Answer: (A) I only
Gandhi dressed and lived like ordinary Indians and spoke their language, but he made full use of newspapers and railways to spread his message, so only statement I is correct.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
44. Consider the following statements about the Round Table Conferences:
I. Gandhi represented the Indian National Congress at the Second Round Table Conference in London.
II. The Second Round Table Conference resulted in an immediate agreement on Indian self-rule.
III. B.R. Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for the Depressed Classes during these conferences.
II. The Second Round Table Conference resulted in an immediate agreement on Indian self-rule.
III. B.R. Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for the Depressed Classes during these conferences.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Show answer
Answer: (B) I and III only
Gandhi was the sole Congress representative at the second conference, where Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for the Depressed Classes. Statement II is wrong: no agreement on self-rule was reached.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
45. Consider the following statements regarding official sources like police reports during the freedom movement:
I. They provide a completely neutral account of the popularity of nationalist leaders.
II. They were often written to reassure colonial superiors that the situation was under control.
II. They were often written to reassure colonial superiors that the situation was under control.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Show answer
Answer: (B) II only
Police reports were written to reassure superiors that the situation was under control, so they are not neutral records of nationalist popularity. Only statement II is correct.
Source: NCERT Class 12, THEME 11
46. Consider the following statements regarding the Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928:
- The movement was launched to protest against an arbitrary 22 per cent hike in land revenue.
- Women of Bardoli bestowed the title of “Sardar” upon Vallabhbhai Patel during this movement.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Show answer
Answer: (A) Both 1 and 2
The Bardoli satyagraha of 1928 opposed a steep revenue hike (about 22 per cent), and the women of Bardoli gave Vallabhbhai Patel the title Sardar. Both statements are correct.
47. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Nehru Report submitted in 1928 recommended Dominion Status as the constitutional goal for India.
Reason (R): The All-Parties Conference appointed Motilal Nehru to draft an Indian constitution in response to Lord Birkenhead’s challenge.
Select the correct option:
Show answer
Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
The Nehru Report of 1928, drafted by Motilal Nehru for the All Parties Conference in answer to Birkenhead’s challenge, recommended dominion status. R explains A.
48. Under the Poona Pact signed in September 1932, what key electoral agreement was reached between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr B.R. Ambedkar?
Show answer
Answer: (A) Separate electorates for Dalits were replaced with increased reserved seats in joint electorates.
The Poona Pact of September 1932 replaced separate electorates for the Depressed Classes with reserved seats in joint electorates, increased to 148 in provincial legislatures.
49. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the given codes:
List I — List II
A. Harijan Sevak Sangh
B. Congress Socialist Party
C. National Planning Committee
D. Forward Bloc
B. Congress Socialist Party
C. National Planning Committee
D. Forward Bloc
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Jayaprakash Narayan
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Subhas Chandra Bose
Codes:
Show answer
Answer: (A) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
Gandhi founded the Harijan Sevak Sangh, Jayaprakash Narayan was a founder of the Congress Socialist Party, Nehru chaired the National Planning Committee and Bose founded the Forward Bloc. Code A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.
50. In which year did provincial elections take place under the Government of India Act 1935, resulting in Congress forming ministries in majority provinces?
Show answer
Answer: (A) 1937
Provincial elections under the 1935 Act were held in 1937 and the Congress formed ministries in most provinces.
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Scoring: +1 correct, −1/3 wrong, 0 for (E) Not attempted, −1/3 for a row left blank in the real exam.
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