72nd BPSC Mains GS Paper II: 40 Important Indian Polity Topics
Harsha
40 important Indian Polity topics for 72nd BPSC Mains GS Paper II, with linked notes, how to prepare each topic and Bihar examples for answers.
Polity
Polity in the BPSC prelims is a mix of the Constitution at NCERT and Laxmikanth level and Bihar’s own political system: the Governor and Centre-State relations, President’s Rule in Bihar, Panchayati Raj, the caste survey and the reservation debate, constitutional bodies and recent amendments. Mains GS Paper II adds the political system of Bihar in depth.
The notes here start with Centre-State relations and the Governor, with Bihar’s experience of President’s Rule and the leading cases, and the Bihar caste survey 2023, which explains the figures behind the 65 per cent reservation question. The Bihar polity and geography PYQ (67 questions) shows how BPSC frames these topics.
More notes are added as they are written; for the syllabus wording of this section see the BPSC syllabus page, and for the Constitution questions in a full paper sit the 72nd BPSC mock test.
Vice President of India: Election, Powers, Functions and Constitutional Provisions
Vice President of India for BPSC: Articles 63 to 71, election, eligibility, removal, role as Rajya Sabha Chairman and acting President, the 2025 election.
President of India: Powers, Functions, Veto Power, Ordinances and Pardoning Authority
President of India for BPSC: Articles 52 to 62, election, absolute, suspensive and pocket veto, Article 123 ordinances, Article 72 pardons and key cases.
Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens: Article 51A, 11 Duties and Their Importance
Fundamental Duties for BPSC: the 11 duties of Article 51A, 42nd and 86th Amendments, Swaran Singh and Verma Committees, enforceability and key cases.
Separation of Powers in India: Meaning, Constitutional Provisions, Importance and Landmark Judgments
Separation of powers in India for BPSC: Montesquieu, Articles 50, 121, 122 and 123, checks and balances, India vs US, Ram Jawaya Kapur to the NJAC case.
Transformative Constitutionalism in India: Meaning, Principles, Landmark Judgments and Challenges
Transformative constitutionalism for BPSC: meaning, origin, constitutional basis, key cases from Navtej Singh Johar to Davinder Singh, criticism and limits.
Constitution, Constitutionalism and Constitutional Morality: Meaning, Features and Landmark Judgments
Constitutionalism and constitutional morality for BPSC: meaning, elements, Grote and Ambedkar, and cases from Rameshwar Prasad to Navtej Singh Johar.
Preamble of the Indian Constitution: Meaning, Objectives, Importance and Landmark Judgments
Preamble of the Indian Constitution for BPSC: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic, the four objectives, 42nd Amendment and landmark cases.
Bihar Caste Survey 2023: Key Figures, Demography and the 65% Reservation Debate (BPSC Notes)
Bihar caste survey 2023 for BPSC: 13.07 crore population, EBC 36%, OBC 27%, SC 19.65%, ST 1.68%, poverty findings, the 65% reservation law and the verdict.
Centre-State Relations and the Governor: Articles, Cases and Bihar’s Experience (BPSC Polity Notes)
Centre-State relations and the Governor for BPSC: Articles 153 to 167, 200, 213 and 356, Bommai and Rameshwar Prasad, Sarkaria, Punchhi, President's Rule.